In the theory of Taijiquan, there are discussed a number of different "energies" or "jins." At Thoughts on Tai Chi there was recently an article discussing specifically two of them: Zhi Jin (Knowing) vs Don Jin (Understanding).
At excerpt is below. The full post may be read here.
I’m sure you’ve heard of Dong Jin, but you may not be as familiar with the concept of Zhi Jin. Let’s start from the beginning and explore the underlying principles that shape both.
In the world of Tai Chi Chuan, the levels from being an intermediate practitioner towards mastery are represented by the progression, and achievement of, different skills and types of “jin” (勁). Some of the most commonly discussed fundamental skills in Tai Chi are “ting”, “zhan”, “sui” and “nian”:
- Ting Jin (聽勁) – Listening energy, the ability to use sensitivity to understand and use an opponent’s force and intent.
- Zhan Jin (粘勁) – Sticking energy, maintaining contact with the opponent to control them.
- Sui Jin (隨勁) – Following energy, adapting smoothly to the opponent’s changes.
- Nian Jin (黏勁) – Adhering energy, following and sticking with the opponent’s movements.
Through “listening” or “ting” you learn to “stick” or nian, and then you use “nian” to “ting”. It’s a sort of a loop really, where Ting enhances Nian, and Nian deepens Ting.
The difference between Sui – following, and Nian – adhering, is that “Sui” is about following the opponent’s intent and movement, whether through physical contact or at a distance, and is more about adaptation and timing than touch. But “Nian”, on the other hand, requires physical touch, as it involves sticking to the opponent’s force, maintaining continuous contact, and subtly controlling their movements.
The understanding of all of these four skills together leads to, or can be summed up by, what is described by the term “hua” or to “transform”.
- Hua Jin (化勁) – Neutralizing or transforming energy, redirecting an opponent’s force without resistance.
Hua Jin is the ability to neutralize and redirect force effortlessly. It is not just about avoiding or dissipating incoming power but about seamlessly guiding it into a position of disadvantage for the opponent. Without Ting, one cannot perceive the opponent’s intent; without Sui, one cannot harmonize with their movement; without Lian, continuity is lost; and without Nian, the connection is broken. Only when these four are fully integrated does true transformation occur – where resistance disappears, and control becomes effortless.
However, Hua requires the ability to perceive and interpret an opponent’s structure, movement, and energy patterns – an understanding that is not merely the sum of Ting, Lian, Nian, and Sui, but also a distinct skill or cultivated quality in itself. In Tai Chi Chuan, this is known as Dong Jin (懂勁), or “Understanding Energy/Skill.”
- Dong Jin (懂勁) – Understanding energy, the ability to perceive and interpret an opponent’s structure, movement, and energy patterns.
Just like the previous terms, Dong Jin is also a common concept, one of those fundamental terms most Tai Chi people recognize and at least somewhat grasp the meaning of. In terms of in martial arts development in Tai Chi, Dong Jin is a critical stage, as it allows the practitioner to consciously recognize force dynamics and formulate appropriate responses.
However, there is a less common concept in Tai Chi Chuan and not very much written about, that actually represent one higher level of mastery than “Dong” and “Hua” – this is Zhi Jin (知勁) or Knowing Energy/Skill.
Both of these concepts, Dong and Zhi define the ability to perceive, interpret, and manipulate an opponent’s force, but they differ in depth, instinctiveness, and application, representing a different level of skill and refinement.
Defining Zhi Jin (知勁, Knowing Energy/Skill)
While Dong Jin is a critical stage in martial arts development, as it allows the practitioner to consciously recognize force dynamics and formulate appropriate responses, Zhi Jin, or “Knowing Energy”, represents an instinctive, deeply internalized awareness of force interactions.
It is not merely a recognition of force but a subconscious mastery of how force flows and can be manipulated in combat. A practitioner who has attained Zhi Jin does not need to consciously analyze an opponent’s movement— they simply know what is happening and how to respond.
Comparing Dong Jin and Zhi Jin
A person with strong Dong Jin can recognize when an opponent is about to attack, the direction of force, and how best to neutralize it. However, their reactions are still somewhat deliberate rather than purely instinctive.
A person who possesses Zhi Jin can manipulate an opponent’s structure and energy as if they were moving a part of their own body. It is the ultimate expression of “Yi leads, Qi follows, and Jin manifests.”
In essence, Dong Jin is about conscious understanding, while Zhi Jin is about unconscious mastery.
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