Below is an excerpt from an article that appeared at the martial arts equipment supplier Seido on the origin of the character "Bu." The full post may be read here.
The current use of the Kanji "Bu" and its origin
The Kanji are the Chinese characters brought to Japan and introduced into the Japanese language through Buddhism around the 6th century.
First reserved to the religious community and literary figures and from there, spreading gradually at the pace of the alphabetization of the population.
The introduction of the Chinese characters into the pre-existing Japanese language, was achieved in three ways.
First, adapting the Kanji closest to both, sound and meaning, then in
terms of meaning and finally terms of sound. Many sounds did originally
not exist in Japanese, but got integrated into the language to
facilitate the implementation of the Kanji. We thus find words
with the same meaning, but two different origins, "words of Yamato"
(ancient Japan) and "Chinese words" from Chinese.
Let's add an example. Derived from the Kanji "fue/zou" (増)
meaning "increase", the form "Fueru" (増える), the verb "to increase", and
"Zouka" (増加) "increase" as noun were created. "Fueru" already existed in
Yamato, before the Kanji was introduced, and it was arbitrarily
determined that this Kanji could be read "Fue", while "Zo" from "Zouka"
is derived directly from the Chinese pronunciation.
The multiple pronunciations that a single Kanji can
have, are the result of the "forced" introduction of the Kanji into the
Japanese language. Not everything could be adapted, syllabic
Kana alphabets (Hiragana and Katakana) to modify the function of a word
(verb, noun, adjective) got added, whilst the religious and official
texts were still written entirely in Kanji over an extended period.
(This is no longer the case and there are few Japanese who would be able
to read a text containing no Kana.)
The Kanji "Bu" has its roots in China, it was designed before
the 6th century, at a time when violence, terror and wars reigned.
From there brought to Japan when the Chinese writing got
simplified and evolved very little in the centuries to come.
It can be found in Japanese in terms much older than "Budo", for example "Bujutsu" (武術) (war techniques), "Bugei" (武芸) (art of war), "Bushi" (武士) (soldier), "Buki" (武器) (weapon), etc.
Taking this into account, it is difficult to justify a "peaceful" interpretation of this Kanji by historical facts. But back to its composition to see more clearly.
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